Genesis 10:11 states that the city was built by Nimrod.
Ninveh was an ancient metropolis of Ashur (Assyria) on the east bank of the Tigris, where Mosul now stands on the western bank. Greeks and Romans called it Ninus after its builder (what, not Nimrod!)
See also Isaiah 37:37, where it is the home of Sennacherib; Nachum 2:8, in which the city is overthrown; and especially the Book of Jonah, in which Ninveh is the focal-point of the tale.
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