Genesis 10:13 names the Ludim as sons of the Chamitic Mitsrayim (מצרים) = Egypt.
However, Genesis 10:22 names Lud (לוד) as a son of Shem, by which it probably intends the Semitic Lydians of Asia Minor.
Are Lud and Ludim the same, as has always been supposed? Answer: almost certainly not. If the Ludim are Chamitic, as per Genesis 10:13, they are deducible as the Ethiopian Ludim whom Yirme-Yahu mentions (Jeremiah 46:9), as does 1 Chronicles 1:11, a people of great skill with bow and arrows.
The references in Ezekiel 27:10 and 30:5, as well as in Isaiah 66:19, include such a wide range of countries, the Lud on these occasions could be either the Ethiopian or the Egyptian, and it is interesting to note that, once again, we have an identical name that crops up in both Ethiopia and Arabia - see Kush (Cush) for the principal example of this cultural cross-flowering.
The third, and most likely, possibility, is that some of the references are neither to the Egyptian-Ethiopian nor the Semitic Lydian, but to the town of Lod (לוד), also known as Lydda, a Benjamite village mentioned in the New Testament (Acts 9:32, 35, 38) as well as in late Yisra-Eli writings ( 1 Chronicles 8:12; Ezra 2:33; Nehemiah 7:37 and 11:35; 1 Maccabees 11:34). Lydda became Lod in modern Ivrit, and is the location of what was originally called Lod Airport, but now Ben Gurion International.
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